Error creating docker image with msodbcsql

Acabo de encontrar la solución al error, faltaba instalar el gnupg2 como lo indican en el siguiente enlace docker - E: gnupg, gnupg2 and gnupg1 do not seem to be installed, but one of them is required for this operation - Stack Overflow

Quedando el segundo RUN de la siguiente manera:

RUN apt-get update \
    && apt-get install -y gnupg2 \
    && apt-get install -y curl apt-transport-https \
    && curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add - \
    && curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/10/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list \
    && apt-get update \
    && ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y msodbcsql17 unixodbc-dev